In this lesson, we're progressing to find out how to mention a word in gift and past tenses and a way to use identical expression in polite forms.
Present and Past Tenses
Each table below show a way to say 'an apple' and 'a pencil' in four other ways. The table is split into gift and past tenses, and positive and negative forms. Also, the primary table shows the written style of Korean and therefore the second table shows the spoken type.
The written type is employed in literature like books, newspapers and any style of writing that's not 'conversational.' The written type, in essence, is literary, factual and declarative. it's seldom utilized in traditional everyday conversations. However, the news on TV uses this written style of Korean. it's conjointly utilized in public speeches. the rationale is maybe because of the very fact that the news and public announcements or speeches square measure typically all declarative and/or factual.
The spoken type is that the usual method within which individuals speak and have a spoken language. it's utilized in all sorts of spoken Korean like traditional conversations, dramas, and movies, with the attainable exceptions of stories, documentaries and alternative factual, formal sorts of programs on TV and radio.
Informal Written type
Present
Past
Positive
사과다
연필이다
사과였다
연필이었다
Negative
사과가 아니다
연필이 아니다
사과가 아니었다
연필이 아니었다
Informal Spoken type
Present
Past
Positive
사과야
연필이야
사과였어
연필이었어
Negative
사과(가) 아니야
연필(이) 아니야
사과(가) 아니었어
연필(이) 아니었어
사과 = associate degree apple
연필 = a pencil
사과다 = is associate degree apple
사과가 아니다 = isn't associate degree apple
사과였다 = was associate degree apple
사과가 아니었다 = wasn't associate degree apple
연필이야 = could be a pencil
연필(이) 아니야 = isn't a pencil
연필이었어 = was a pencil
연필(이) 아니었어 = wasn't a pencil
Note: The verb ending, 다, is employed for nouns while not a final consonant, and 이다 for nouns with a final consonant. Likewise, within the spoken type, 야 is employed for nouns while not final consonant and 이야 for nouns with a final consonant. Therefore:
사과다
연필이다
사과야
연필이야
Note: In spoken Korean, the particles square measure typically omitted. within the on top of example, 가/이 square measure in brackets to indicate that they're typically missed.
For a lot of data on the 가/이 particle, please browse Particles - 는, 가.
Polite type
Each table below shows the polite style of the various written and spoken types we've checked out on top of that were within the informal form.
Polite Written type
Present
Past
Positive
사과입니다
연필입니다
사과였습니다
연필이었습니다
Negative
사과가 아닙니다
연필이 아닙니다
사과가 아니었습니다
연필이 아니었습니다
Note: to alter the informal type to the polite type, the subsequent rules apply:
In the case of this tense,
사과다 → 사과입니다 = 다 (or 이다 within the case of nouns with a final consonant, e.g. 연필) is began and replaced by 입니다
사과가 아니다 → 사과가 아닙니다 = 아니다 is modified to 아닙니다
In the case of the tense, 다 is modified to 습니다.
사과였다 → 사과였습니다
사과가 아니었다 → 사과가 아니었습니다
Polite Spoken type
Present
Past
Positive
사과예요
연필이에요
사과였어요
연필이었어요
Negative
사과(가) 아니에요
연필(이) 아니에요
사과(가) 아니었어요
연필(이) 아니었어요
Note: to alter the informal type to the polite type, the subsequent rules apply:
In the case of this tense:
사과야 → 사과예요 = 야 changes to 예요(or 에요 within the case of nouns with a final consonant, e.g. 연필)
사과 아니야 → 사과 아니에요 = 야 changes to 에요
In the case of the tense, 요 is connected at the tip.
사과였어 → 사과였어요
사과 아니었어 → 사과 아니었어요
Here square measure some example sentences within the written type.
가게다 = could be a search
가방이다 = could be a bag
소고기였다 = was beef
선생님이었다 = was an instructor
꽃이 아니다 = isn't a flower
항구가 아니었다 = wasn't a port
동물이 아니었다 = wasn't associate degree animal
Try translating the subsequent sentences within the spoken type. What do they mean?
시계야
집이야
비둘기였어
사람이었어
구름(이) 아니야
빌딩(이) 아니었어
닭고기(가) 아니었어
Answers:
could be a clock/watch
is a house
was a columbiform bird
was an individual
isn't a cloud
wasn't a building
wasn't chicken (meat)
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