Lesson 15 - Nouns - Numbers and Counting

There are 2 ways in which of saying numbers in Korean. These are:

    Sino-Korean numerals - 일, 이, 삼, ...
    Native Korean numerals - 하나, 둘, 셋, ...


The Sino-Korean numerals ar used for dates, minutes and costs.
The native Korean numerals ar used for tally, age and hours.


Sino-Korean Numerals [Dates, Minutes and Prices]

The key to memorizing the pronunciations of the Sino-Korean numerals is to be told from 1(일) to 10(십), and use these 10 numbers as building blocks to be told the remainder of the numbers. Here may be a list of the primary 10 numbers:

    1 = 일
    2 = 이
    3 = 삼
    4 = 사
    5 = 오
    6 = 육
    7 = 칠
    8 = 팔
    9 = 구
    10 = 십


From eleven to nineteen, what you wish to try to to is say 10(십) 1st and say the ones' variety.
For example,

 eleven = ten + one → 십 + 일 = 십일
 twelve = ten + two → 십 + 이 = 십이
 thirteen = ten + three → 십 + 삼 = 십삼
 seventeen = ten + seven → 십 + 칠 = 십칠
 nineteen = ten + nine → 십 + 구 = 십구



From twenty and onward, it works within the same manner. however additionally, 20, 30, ..., ninety are pronounced within the following way:

 twenty = 이 + 십 = 이십 (Lit. two-ten)
 thirty = 삼 + 십 = 삼십 (Lit. three-ten)
 fifty = 오 + 십 = 오십
 eighty = 팔 + 십 = 팔십
 ninety = 구 + 십 = 구십


Additionally,

 twenty one = 이십 + 일 = 이십일 (Lit. two-ten one)
 twenty two = 이십 + 이 = 이십이
 thirty two = 삼십 + 이 = 삼십이
 forty five = 사십 + 오 = 사십오
 fifty seven = 오십 + 칠 = 오십칠
 eighty nine = 팔십 + 구 = 팔십구


100 is 백, and two hundred is 이백 which accurately suggests that 'two-hundred.' Then however does one say three hundred as a Sino-Korean numeral? affirmative, it's 삼백 (Lit. three-hundred)

    100 = 백
    101 = 백일
    105 = 백오
    127 = 백이십칠
    200 = 이백
    219 = 이백십구
    324 = 삼백이십사
    508 = 오백팔
    731 = 칠백삼십일
    945 = 구백사십오


1000 is 천, then 2000 is? affirmative, it's 이천. Then however does one say 3283 in a very Sino-Korean way? It's 삼천이백팔심삼. [Lit. three-thousand two-hundred eight-ten three]

    1000 = 천
    1001 = 천일
    1035 = 천삼십오
    2427 = 이천사백이십칠
    8492 = 팔천사백구십이


What is 10000? It's 만. it's not 십천 (or ten-thousand). 20000 is 이만, 30000 is 삼만 then on.

    10000 = 만
    10002 = 만이
    10034 = 만삼십사
    20673 = 이만육백칠십삼
    84832 = 팔만사천팔백삼십이


Now one hundred thousand is 십만 and 200000 is 이십만. At this time, it'd assist you perceive the naming system of those variety if you think that them in terms of their number of zeros. Here is what I mean:

    10000 is 만
    10,0000 is 십만
    100,0000 is 백만
    1000,0000 is 천만
    1,0000,0000 is 억 (NOT 만만)
    10,0000,0000 is 십억
    100,0000,0000 is 백억
    1000,0000,0000 is 천억
    1,0000,0000,0000 is 조


You can see that numbers get a brand new name each time they get further four zeros. this is often totally different to English wherever the name of numbers amendment when each further three zeros. as an example, 'thousand', 'million' and 'billion'.


However, once we write numbers, we tend to follow the international normal in this the comma is placed when each threes. The examples on top of wherever the comma is placed when each four zeros ar for the aim of easier understanding solely. Therefore:

    만 = 10,000
    십만 = 100,000 (NOT ten,0000)
    백만 = 1,000,000 (NOT a hundred,0000)


Let's revise what we've learned above:

    11 = 십일
    12 = 십이
    13 = 십삼
    20 = 이십
    25 = 이십오
    30 = 삼십
    40 = 사십
    50 = 오십
    56 = 오십육
    70 = 칠십
    80 = 팔십
    100 = 백
    101 = 백일
    107 = 백칠
    120 = 백이십
    150 = 백오십
    200 = 이백
    202 = 이백이
    537 = 오백삼십칠 [500 +30 + seven → 오백 + 삼십 + 칠 = 오백삼십칠]
    1000 = 천
    2000 = 이천
    2500 = 이천오백
    10000 = 만
    10500 = 만오백 [10000 + five hundred → 만 + 오백 = 만오백]
    53847 = 오만삼천팔백사십칠 [50000 + 3000 + 800 + forty + seven → 오만 + 삼천 + 팔백 + 사십 + 칠 = 오만삼천팔백사십칠]


The following ar the samples of however the Sino-Korean numerals are used for dates, minutes and costs.


[Dates]

The order during which the date is written is reversed in Korean. every day of the week comes 1st, then a month and so a year. [a year = 년, a month = 월, every day of the week = 일]

Notice however the Sino-Korean numerals are employed in saying dates.

 twenty eight Gregorian calendar month 2010 → 2010년 1월 28일 = 이천십년 일월 이십팔일
    17/10/2011 → 2011/10/17 = 2011년 10월 17일 =이천십일년 시월 십칠일


Note: 10월 isn't 십월, however rather 시월. This exception is thanks to the awkwardness of saying 십월, that is kind of cumbersome to pronounce. so 10월 is 시월 for the pronunciation's sake.


[Minutes]

The Sino-Korean numerals also are used for 'minutes' however not for 'hours'. The native Korean numerals that are used for saying the quantity of 'hours' ar explained below within the second section of this post.

[an hour, o'clock = 시, a minute(s) = 분, am = 오전, pm = 오후]

    9:38 am → 오전 9시 38분 = 오전 아홉시 삼십팔분
    6:19 pm → 오후 6시 19분 = 오후 여섯시 십구분



[Prices]

The Korean currency is termed 'won.' Its image is '₩', and it's pronounced 원.

    ₩12,800 → 12,800원 = 만이천팔백원
    ₩39,130 → 39,130원 = 삼만구천백삼십원




Native Korean numerals [Counting, Age and Hours]

The basic enumeration system of the native Korean numerals is that the same as that of the Sino-Korean numerals. However, additionally to at least one to 10, there's a requirement to be told the special pronunciations of tens, i.e. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90.

From 100, the pronunciation is that the same because the Sino-Korean numerals we've checked out on top of. [hundred (100) = 백, thousand (1000) = 천, 10 thousand (10000) = 만]

    1 = 하나
    2 = 둘
    3 = 셋
    4 = 넷
    5 = 다섯
    6 = 여섯
    7 = 일곱
    8 = 여덟
    9 = 아홉
    10 = 열
    11 = 열 하나
    12 = 열 둘
    13 = 열 셋
    17 = 열 일곱
    20 = 스물
    21 = 스물 하나
    22 = 스물 둘
    23 = 스물 셋
    30 = 서른
    40 = 마흔
    50 = 쉰
    55 = 쉰 다섯
    60 = 예순
    70 = 일흔
 seventy five = 일흔 다섯 [70 + five → 일흔 + 다섯 = 일흔다섯]
    80 = 여든
    90 = 아흔
    100 = 백
    189 = 백 여든 아홉 [100 + eighty + nine → 백 + 여든 + 아홉 = 백여든아홉]


Below ar the samples of however the native Korean numerals ar employed in tally, age and hours. 


[Counting]

The native Korean numerals are used for tally, e.g. the quantity of individuals in a very category, the quantity of cars in a very parking area, the numbers of apples on associate fruit tree, the numbers of pencils or pens on a table, etc.

    1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... = 하나, 둘, 셋, 넷, 다섯, ...


When tally, we tend to use distinctive symbol words known as counters. every quite object (or person for that matter) has their own counter to tell apart them from other forms. This counter system may be a bit just like the system found in English, i.e. three cups of juice, five glasses of water. However, the Korean tally system extends to each object.

For example,

 3 cups of juice = 주스 세컵
 5 glasses of water = 물 다섯잔
    six folks = 여섯명 (사람)
 5 cars = 차 다섯대
 3 apples = 사과 세개
 2 pencils = 연필 두자루
    four books = 책 네권
 10 roses = 장미 열송이


Listed below ar a number of the foremost common counters employed in tally.

    명 = people
    마리 = animals
    대 = cars
    개 = objects (this is extremely wide used for any inanimate objects)
    자루 = long, lean objects
    그루 = trees
    송이 = flowers
    켤레 = shoes
    장 = paper
    권 = books
    살 = age
    층 = floor [The Sino-Korean numerals are used for tally the quantity of floors, i.e. the primary floor = 일층, the second floor = 이층, and also the eighth floor = 팔층]


Please additionally note that 하나 becomes 한, and also the final consonant of every of 둘, 셋, 넷 and 스물 is omitted after they are hooked up to counters. as an example,

    (물) 한잔 = a glass of water (NOT 하나잔)
    (종이) 두장 = 2 items of paper (NOT 둘장)
    (신발) 세켤레 = 3 pairs of shoes (NOT 셋켤레)
    (사람) 네명 = four folks (NOT 넷명)
    (나이) 스무살 = twenty (years of age) (NOT 스물살)


The counters add an analogous thanks to a number of the counter words in English, e.g. 장 is analogous to 'pieces' and 켤레 is analogous to 'pairs'.


[Age]

As we've checked out on top of, the counter, 살, is hooked up to years archaic. For example:

    1 = 한살
    2 = 두살
    3 = 세살
    4 = 네살
    5 = 다섯살
    7 = 일곱살
    10 = 열살
    11 = 열한살
    12 = 열두살
    13 = 열세살
    17 = 열일곱살
    20 = 스무살
    24 = 스물 네살
    32 = 서른 두살
    58 = 쉰 여덟살



[Hours]

The native Korean numerals also are used for 'hours' however not for 'minutes' that use the Sino-Korean numerals.

    10:25 am → 오전 10시 25분 = 오전 열시 이십오분
    7:30 pm → 오후 7시 30분 = 오후 일곱시 삼십분 or 오후 일곱시 반 (반 suggests that 'a half')



[Months]

    한달 = one month
    두달 = two months
    세달 = three months
    네달 = four months
    다섯달 = five months
    여섯달 = vi months
    일곱달 = seven months
    여덞달 = eight months
    아홉달 = nine months
    열달 = ten months


Example sentence

    2달 동안 학교를 다니고 2주동안 방학을 했다 = I visited faculty for two months and had a break(holidays) for two weeks.

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Lesson 14 - Nouns - Nominalising Verbs

In this lesson, we're planning to learn the way to nominalise a verb, which implies changing a verb to a noun.

First, take 다 off the plain sort of a verb, then attach 기 thereto. (For an inventory of verbs within the plain from, please visit Verbs - Present/Past)

The following could be a list of a number of the verbs that are reborn to nouns.

    읽다 → 읽기 = reading
    쓰다 → 쓰기 = writing
    듣다 → 듣기 = listening
    말하다 → 말하기 = speaking
    하다 → 하기 = doing
    가다 → 가기 = going
    오다 → 오기 = returning
    보다 → 보기 = observation
    먹다 → 먹기 = feeding
    마시다 → 마시기 = drinking
    자다 → 자기 = sleeping
    걷다 → 걷기 = walking
    달리다 → 달리기 = running
    사다 → 사기 = shopping for
    팔다 → 팔기 = commercialism
    서다 → 서기 = standing
    앉다 → 앉기 = sitting
    살다 → 살기 = living
    죽다 → 죽기 = dying



Example Sentences

    걷기는 하기 쉬운 운동이다 = Walking is AN exercise that (we) will do simply
    나는 쇼핑 하기를 좋아한다 = i favor searching (Lit. i favor doing shopping)
    한나는 아이스크림 먹기를 좋아한다 = Hannah likes feeding AN ice cream
    비 오는 날 학교 가기는 쉽지 않다 = it isn't procession to high school in an exceedingly period of time
    제인은 오래된 CD 플레이어를 팔기를 원했다 = Jane wished 'selling' AN previous CD player


쇼핑 = searching
좋아하다 = like
한나 = Hannah (Also a Korean feminine name)
아이스크림 = ice cream
비 = rain (noun)
오다 = come
날 = a day
비 오는 날 = a period of time (Lit. a rain-coming day) (For additional info, visit Verbs - Descriptive I)
학교 = a college
쉽다 = easy
쉬운 = straightforward (Adjectives - Descriptive)
운동 = exercise
제인 = Jane
오래되다 = old
CD 플레이어 = a CD player
원하다 = need (Please visit Verbs - need to find out the way to kind 'want to do')


Here square measure some additional example sentences mistreatment nominalized verbs.

    사기와 팔기는 비지니스의 기초다. = shopping for and commercialism square measure the business's basis.


비지니스 = business
기초 = basis, foundation


    지영은 공원에서 걷기와 새들의 노래 듣기를 좋아했다. = Ji-young liked  walking within the park and paying attention to birds singing.


지영 = Ji-young (A feminine name)
공원 = a park
걷다 = walk
새 = a bird
노래 = a song
듣다 = listen, hear


    외국어를 배울 때 읽기, 쓰기, 듣기, 말하기는 모두 매우 중요하다. = after we learn a far off language, reading, writing, listening and speaking square measure all important.


외국어 = a far off language
배우다 = learn
배울 때 = after we learn (To learn the way to use 'when', please scan Conjunctions - When)
모두 = all
매우 = very
중요하다 = necessary

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Lesson 13 - Nouns - Nominalising

것 is hooked up descriptive kinds of verbs AN adjectives to nominalise them, i.e. create them nouns.

    하다 → 하는 (Descriptive I)
    하는 + 것 = 하는 것 = one thing that you simply do


    하다 → 한 (Descriptive II)
    한 + 것 → 한 것 = one thing that you simply did


    크다 → 큰 (Descriptive)
    큰 + 것 = 큰 것 = one thing that's huge / massive



Nominalised Verbs (Descriptive I)

    하는 것 = one thing that you simply do / that will
    가는 것 = one thing that goes
    오는 것 = one thing that comes
    먹는 것 = one thing that you simply eat (food)
    마시는 것 = one thing that you simply drink
    읽는 것 = one thing that you simply scan
    듣는 것 = one thing that you simply listen
    말하는 것 = one thing that speaks / you name
    보는 것 = one thing that you simply watch
    쓰는 것 = one thing that you simply write / use
    만드는 것 = one thing that you simply create


Nominalised Verbs (Descriptive II)

    한 것 = one thing that you simply did
    간 것 = one thing that went
    온 것 = one thing that came
    먹은 것 = one thing that you simply Ate
    마신 것 = one thing that you simply drank


Nominalised Adjectives (Descriptive)

    많은 것 = one thing that's several (in quantity)
    적은 것 = one thing that's little (in quantity)
    큰 것 = one thing that's huge / massive
    작은 것 = one thing that's little
    넓은 것 = one thing that's spacious
    좁은 것 = one thing that's incommodious
    높은 것 = one thing that's high
    낮은 것 = one thing that's low
    빠른 것 = one thing that's quick
    느린 것 = one thing that's slow
    긴 것 = one thing that's long
    짧은 것 = one thing that's short



Note: but, in spoken Korean 것 is pronounced 거.
e.g.

    하는 거 = one thing that you simply do
    긴 거 = one thing that's long


Also, attach 야 to 거 kind|to create} it informal spoken form, or 에요 create it a polite spoken kind.

    하는 거야
    긴 거야

    하는 거예요
    긴 거예요


When a signifier is employed, 들 is hooked up to 것 instead.

    하는 것들 = things that we have a tendency to do
    긴 것들 = things that area unit long


Example sentences

    이 노트북이 가장 빠른 거예요 = This portable computer is that the one that's the quickest.


    이 과일주스 병들은 다 마신거예요 = These bottles of fruit crush area unit all what we have a tendency to drank from already.


    이 음식들도 오늘 먹는 거예요? = area unit these food one thing that we have a tendency to eat these days as we have a tendency toll? (=Are we getting to eat these food these days as well?)


    지금 티비 보는 거예요? = Is TV one thing you are looking at now? (= area unit you looking at TV now?)


    이 물고기들은 다 어제 바다에서 잡은 것들이에요 = These fish area unit all what I caught at the ocean yesterday.

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Lesson 12 - Nouns - Present, Past

In this lesson, we're progressing to find out how to mention a word in gift and past tenses and a way to use identical expression in polite forms.


Present and Past Tenses

Each table below show a way to say 'an apple' and 'a pencil' in four other ways. The table is split into gift and past tenses, and positive and negative forms. Also, the primary table shows the written style of Korean and therefore the second table shows the spoken type.

    The written type is employed in literature like books, newspapers and any style of writing that's not 'conversational.' The written type, in essence, is literary, factual and declarative. it's seldom utilized in traditional everyday conversations. However, the news on TV uses this written style of Korean. it's conjointly utilized in public speeches. the rationale is maybe because of the very fact that the news and public announcements or speeches square measure typically all declarative and/or factual.



    The spoken type is that the usual method within which individuals speak and have a spoken language. it's utilized in all sorts of spoken Korean like traditional conversations, dramas, and movies, with the attainable exceptions of stories, documentaries and alternative factual, formal sorts of programs on TV and radio.


Informal Written type    
Present
   
Past
Positive
   
사과다
연필이다
   
사과였다
연필이었다
Negative
   
사과가 아니다
연필이 아니다
   
사과가 아니었다
연필이 아니었다

Informal Spoken type    
Present
   
Past
Positive
   
사과야
연필이야
   
사과였어
연필이었어
Negative
   
사과(가) 아니야
연필(이) 아니야
   
사과(가) 아니었어
연필(이) 아니었어

    사과 = associate degree apple
    연필 = a pencil

    사과다 = is associate degree apple
    사과가 아니다 = isn't associate degree apple
    사과였다 = was associate degree apple
    사과가 아니었다 = wasn't associate degree apple

    연필이야 = could be a pencil
    연필(이) 아니야 = isn't a pencil
    연필이었어 = was a pencil
    연필(이) 아니었어 = wasn't a pencil

 
Note: The verb ending, 다, is employed for nouns while not a final consonant, and 이다 for nouns with a final consonant. Likewise, within the spoken type, 야 is employed for nouns while not final consonant and 이야 for nouns with a final consonant. Therefore:

    사과다
    연필이다
    사과야
    연필이야


Note: In spoken Korean, the particles square measure typically omitted. within the on top of example, 가/이 square measure in brackets to indicate that they're typically missed.

For a lot of data on the 가/이 particle, please browse Particles - 는, 가.


Polite type

Each table below shows the polite style of the various written and spoken types we've checked out on top of that were within the informal form.

Polite Written type
   
Present
   
Past
Positive
   
사과입니다
연필입니다
   
사과였습니다
연필이었습니다
Negative
   
사과가 아닙니다
연필이 아닙니다
   
사과가 아니었습니다
연필이 아니었습니다

Note: to alter the informal type to the polite type, the subsequent rules apply:

In the case of this tense,

    사과다 → 사과입니다 = 다 (or 이다 within the case of nouns with a final consonant, e.g. 연필) is began and replaced by 입니다
    사과가 아니다  → 사과가 아닙니다 = 아니다 is modified to 아닙니다


In the case of the tense,  다 is modified to 습니다.

    사과였다 → 사과였습니다
    사과가 아니었다 → 사과가 아니었습니다



Polite Spoken type
   
Present
   
Past
Positive
   
사과예요
연필이에요
   
사과였어요
연필이었어요
Negative
   
사과(가) 아니에요
연필(이) 아니에요
   
사과(가) 아니었어요
연필(이) 아니었어요

Note: to alter the informal type to the polite type, the subsequent rules apply:

In the case of this tense:

    사과야 → 사과예요 = 야 changes to 예요(or 에요 within the case of nouns with a final consonant, e.g. 연필)
    사과 아니야 → 사과 아니에요 = 야 changes to 에요


In the case of the tense, 요 is connected at the tip.

    사과였어 → 사과였어요
    사과 아니었어 → 사과 아니었어요


Here square measure some example sentences within the written type.

    가게다 = could be a search
    가방이다 = could be a bag

    소고기였다 = was beef
    선생님이었다 = was an instructor

    꽃이 아니다 = isn't a flower
    항구가 아니었다 = wasn't a port
    동물이 아니었다 = wasn't associate degree animal


Try translating the subsequent sentences within the spoken type. What do they mean?

    시계야
    집이야
    비둘기였어
    사람이었어
    구름(이) 아니야
    빌딩(이) 아니었어
    닭고기(가) 아니었어


Answers:

 could be a clock/watch
    is a house
    was a columbiform bird
    was an individual
 isn't a cloud
 wasn't a building
 wasn't chicken (meat)

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Lesson 11 - This, It and That- 이것,그것, 저것

In this lesson, we have a tendency to study a number of the foremost common and helpful words, 'This, It which.'

    This = 이것
    It = 그것
    That = 저것


Example sentences

[Informal written form]

    이것은 연필이다. = this can be a pencil.
    그것은 창문이다. = it's a window.
    저것은 꽃이다. = that's a flower.

[Polite written form]

    이것은 연필입니다. = this can be a pencil.
    그것은 창문입니다. = it's a window.
    저것은 꽃입니다. = that's a flower.


Note: For additional info on the formality and also the written and spoken forms, please browse Nouns - gift, Past.

이것, 저것 and 그것 area unit chiefly utilized in the written kind. The equivalent spoken forms area unit 이건, 그건 and 저건.

Please note that 이건, 그건 and 저건 are literally contractile varieties of 이것은, 저것은 and 그것은.

    이것은 → 이건
    그것은 → 그건
    저것은 → 저건


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Here area unit the sentences within the spoken kind.

[Informal spoken form]

    이건 연필이야.
    그건 창문이야.
    저건 꽃이야.


[Polite spoken form]

    이건 연필이에요.
    그건 창문이에요.
    저건 꽃이에요.


"Here, there and over there" area unit utilized in similar ways that to "This, it and that".

    Here = 여기
    There (it) = 거기
    Over there = 저기

Alternatively, (A bit additional formal)

    Here = 이곳 (Lit. This place)
    There (it) = 그곳 (Lit. That place (it) )
    Over there = 저곳 (Lit. That place over there)


Example sentences

    이곳은 어디예요? = wherever is that this place? (Where area unit we?)
    이곳은 서울이에요. = This place is Seoul (We're in Seoul.)

    저곳은 뭐예요? = what's that place over there?
    그곳은 서울시청이에요. = That place (It) could be a Seoul council.

    저기는 어디예요? = wherever is that over there?
    저기는 남대문이에요. = that's Namdaemun (shopping center).
    그리고 여기는 세종문화회관이에요. = And this place is Sejong Cultural Center.


여기는 is additionally sometimes contractile to 여긴 for the pronunciation's sake.

    여기는 → 여긴
    거기는 → 거긴
    저기는 → 저긴


Similarly, 이, 그 and 저 area unit used with 쪽 to form the subsequent words to denote an explicit direction.

    이쪽 = This direction
    그쪽 = That direction (it)
    저쪽 = That direction


Example sentences

    이쪽은 거실이에요. = this manner is (to) the front room.
    그쪽은 베란다예요. = That method (It) is (to) to the porch.
    저쪽은 출구예요. = That method is (to) the exit.

    샘 [Sam]: 여기 화장실 어디 있어요? [Where is that the bathroom here?]
    민지 [Minji]: 화장실은 저쪽에 있어요. (The bathroom is that method.)
    샘 [Sam]: 서점은 어디 있어요? [What a few bookstore? (Lit. wherever could be a bookstore?)]
    민지 [Minji]:서점은 이쪽에 있어요. [The bookshop is that this method.]


이, 그 and 저 area unit used with nouns to mean 'this, it and that' severally.

    이 나무 = This tree
    그 집 = That house (It)
    저 산 = That mountain

    이 사과 맛있어요 = This apple is delicious
    저 사과도 맛있어요 = That apple is delicious, too.

    이 음식점은 비빔밥이 유명해요 = This edifice is known for Bibimbap. (Lit. This edifice, Bimbimbap is known.)
    저 빌딩은 sixty three빌딩이에요 = That building is that the 63 building. (The landmark building in Seoul)



Note:

Bibimbap - could be a fashionable Korean dish. The word virtually means that "mixed meal." Bibimbap is served as a bowl of heat polished rice topped  with 나물, namul (sautéed and seasoned vegetables) and 고추장, gochujang (chili pepper paste). A raw or dish and sliced meat (usually beef) area unit common additions. The ingredients area unit stirred along completely simply before intake. It is served either cold or hot.[1]

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Lesson 10 - Pronouns (They) - 그들, 걔들, 그분들

As I actually have explained within the previous post, "He and She" area unit terribly sometimes utilized in spoken Korean. it's identical within the case of "They" yet. it's hardly utilized in traditional conversations (except for 걔들 / 걔네들, the informal type of "They" that is a lot of oftentimes utilized in informal spoken Korean)

What we tend to do instead is to talk to somebody by their names, position or standing in society or not simply mentioning "He, She, or They" in the slightest degree in spoken languages as long because the speakers having a conversation understand UN agency they are talking regarding.

But for the sake of completeness, I embrace the varied varieties of "They" below. they are a lot of seemingly to be utilized in songs, dramas and books with the exception of 걔들 / 걔네들 that, as I same earlier, area unit used very often in informal spoken Korean among shut friends or folks of comparable age in an exceedingly shut social network.

    Note: basically, 걔들 and 걔네들 area unit each used as "They" in informal spoken Korean, and area unit typically interchangeable.



Informal kind (그들 / 그녀들, They)

    그들 / 그녀들 = They
        걔들 / 걔네들 (usually in spoken Korean)
        그들 (when touching on a gaggle of men or a mixed-sex group)
        그녀들 (when touching on a gaggle of gals only)


    그들은 = They + 은 (Topic particle)
        걔들은 / 걔네들은 (usually in spoken Korean)


    그들이 = They + 이 (Identifier particle)
        걔들이 / 걔네들이 (usually in spoken Korean)


    그들도 = They + 도 (Additive particle)
        걔들도 / 걔네들도 (usually in spoken Korean)


    그들을 = They + 를 (Object particle)
        걔들을 / 걔네들을 (usually in spoken Korean)


    그들의 = Their
        걔들 / 걔네들 (의 is typically omitted in spoken Korean)


    그들의 것 = Theirs (written Korean)
        걔들 꺼 / 걔네들 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)



Polite kind (그분들, They)

    그분들 = They

    그분들은 = They + 은 (Topic particle)

    그분들이 = They + 이 (Identifier particle)

    그분들도 = They + 도 (Additive particle)

    그분들을 = They + 를 (Object particle)


    그분들의 = Their
        그분들 (의 is typically omitted in spoken Korean)


    그분들의 것 = Theirs (written Korean)
        그분들 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)

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Lesson 9 - Pronouns (He, She) - 얘, 쟤, 걔

Following the previous post, Pronouns (He, She) - 그, 그녀, 걔, 그분, we're about to learn a lot of regarding the assorted ways that during which "He and She" area unit utilized in spoken Korean.

There area unit 3 basic ways that to confer with somebody (he or she), namely 얘, 쟤 and 걔. they're utilized in an identical thanks to Pronouns- This, It, That.

    얘 = He or She (This person)
    쟤 = He or She (That person)
    걔 = He or She (The person we're talking regarding UN agency isn't gift here)


얘, 쟤 and 걔 area unit the non-public equivalents of 이것, 저것, 그것 that area unit accustomed confer with "things or inanimate objects."

Example sentences:

    효민: 톰 안녕, 얘는 안나야
    Hyo-min: Hey, Tom. This (person) is Pakistani monetary unit.


    톰: 효민아 안녕. 안녕 안나, 만나서 반가워.
    Tom: Hey Hyo-min, Hi Anna, nice to fulfill you.


    톰: 저기 대학빌딩 앞에 쟤는 누구야?
    Tom: UN agency is that (person) before of the university building over there?


    효민: 아, 쟤는 성준이야.
    Hyo-min: Well, that (person) is Sung-jun.


    톰: 아, 그리고, 걔가 누구더라? 예전에 시티에서 같이 저녁 먹었던 애.
    Tom: Oh, right. And, UN agency was that person (not present)? The guy we have a tendency to had a dinner along with within the town a minute past.


Note: As has been explained within the previous post,

    얘, 쟤 and 걔 area unit terribly informal varieties of "he and he or she," and so, it's typically used among shut friends, and once touching on people of comparable age in an exceedingly shut social network.


    Therefore, 얘, 쟤 and 걔 would in all probability ne'er be used once touching on somebody UN agency is older or senior than you.


    Even once you are touching on somebody UN agency is younger or junior than you, you'd in all probability avoid mistreatment 얘, 쟤 and 걔 if a point of respect is anticipated for every different in an exceedingly given speech. as an alternative, you'd use that person's name, or use the complete version of 걔, that is 그 아이.

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Lesson 8 - Pronouns (He, She) - 그, 그녀, 걔, 그분

Before I begin listing totally different sorts of "He and She" i have to say that they are terribly sometimes utilized in actual spoken Korean.

In Korean, once individuals discuss with somebody, they principally use an individual's name, their position or standing in society, or omit it altogether if individuals rebuke one another already recognize UN agency they are talking concerning.

However, I embody the subsequent list for the sake of completeness. it's seemingly that the subsequent ar a lot of oftentimes utilized in songs, dramas, and books.


    Note: Among the pronouns listed below, one that's a lot of oftentimes utilized in spoken Korean than others would be 걔 which implies "he or she" reckoning on the context.


    걔 could be a terribly informal type of "he and she or he," and so, it's sometimes used among shut friends, and once concerning others of comparable age during a shut social network.


    Therefore, 걔 would in all probability ne'er be used once concerning somebody UN agency is older or senior than you.


    Even once you are concerning somebody UN agency is younger or junior than you, you'd in all probability avoid exploitation 걔 if a point of respect is predicted for every alternative during a given spoken language. as an alternative, you'd use that person's name, or use the total version of 걔, that is 그 아이.


    Note:
        걔 = 그 아이
        걔 could be a contractile type of 그애 which implies "that guy/gal/boy/girl."
        애 could be a contractile type of 아이 which implies "a kid."



Informal type (그, He)

    그 = He
        걔 (usually in spoken Korean)
            걔 could be a contractile type of 그 애 which implies "that guy/gal/boy/girl"


    그는 = He + 는 (Topic particle)
        걘 (usually in spoken Korean)
            걘 could be a contractile type of 걔는


    그가 = He + 가 (Identifier particle)


    그도 = He + 도 (Additive particle)


    그를 = He + 를 (Object particle)
        걜 (usually in spoken Korean)
            걜 could be a contractile type of 걔를


    그의 = his
        걔 (usually in spoken Korean)


    그의 것 = his (written Korean)
        걔 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)



Informal type (그녀, She)

    그녀 = She
        걔 (usually in spoken Korean)
            걔 could be a contractile type of 그 애 which implies "that guy/gal/boy/girl"


    그녀는 = She + 는 (Topic particle)
        걘 (usually in spoken Korean)
            걘 could be a contractile type of 걔는


    그녀가 = She + 가 (Identifier particle)


    그녀도 = She + 도 (Additive particle)


    그녀를 = She + 를 (Object particle)
        걜 (usually in spoken Korean)
            걜 could be a contractile type of 걔를


    그녀의 = her
        걔 (usually in spoken Korean)


    그녀의 것 = hers (written Korean)
        걔 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)



Polite type (그분, He/She)

    그분 = He/She

    그분은 = He/She + 은 (Topic particle)

    그분이 = He/She + 이 (Identifier particle)

    그분도 = He/She + 도 (Additive particle)

    그분을 = He/She + 를 (Object particle)


    그분의 = his/her
        그분 (의 is sometimes omitted in spoken Korean)


    그분의 것 = his/hers (written Korean)
        그분 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)

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Lesson 7 - Pronouns (I, You) - 나, 저, 너, 당신

In this lesson, we tend to square measure about to find out about pronouns, especially, "I and You," then "He, She and that they," and the way their forms square measure modified reckoning on the degree of politeness.

Let's begin with "I":

Informal type (나, I)

나 = I

나는 = I + 는 (Topic particle)
난 (usually in spoken Korean)

내가 = I + 가 (Identifier particle)

나도 = I + 도 (Additive particle)

나를 = I + 를 (Object particle)
날 (usually in spoken Korean)


내 = my

내 것 = mine (written Korean)
내 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)


Note: 나 becomes 내 once combined with 가 (Identifier particle)

Polite type (저, I)

저 = I

저는 = I + 는 (Topic particle)
전 (usually in spoken Korean)

제가 = I + 가 (Identifier particle)

저도 = I + 도 (Additive particle)

저를 = I + 를 (Object particle)
절 (usually in spoken Korean)


제 = my

제 것 = mine (written Korean)
제 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)



Now for "You":

Informal type (너, You)

너 = You
너는 = You + 는 (Topic particle)
넌 (usually in spoken Korean)

네가 = You + 가 (Identifier particle) (written Korean)
니가 (usually in spoken Korean)

너도 = You + 도 (Additive particle)

너를 = You + 를 (Object particle)
널 (usually in spoken Korean)


네 = your (written Korean)
니 (usually in spoken Korean)

네 것 = yours (written Korean)
니 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)



Polite type (당신, You)

당신 = You
당신은 = You + 은 (Topic particle)

당신이 = You + 이 (Identifier particle)

당신도 = You + 도 (Additive particle)

당신을 = You + 을 (Object particle)


당신 = your

당신 것 = yours (written Korean)
당신 꺼 (usually in spoken Korean)


Note: simply a word of caution, 당신 is extremely occasionally used once addressing somebody in spoken Korean as a result of it's a meaning of confrontation, and it is offensive once used incorrectly. so i counsel that you just don't use 당신 the least bit once speaking in Korean!

In Korean, if you would like address somebody directly, it's a lot of common to use their selected position or standing in society, for instance, 선생님 (teacher), 사장님 (Head of any company), 사모님 (Wife of any respectable man), 아저씨 (middle-aged man), 아줌마 (middle-aged woman), 할아버지 (elderly man), 할머니 (elderly woman)

Note: Doctors square measure referred to as 의사 선생님 (Doctor-teacher) or simply 선생님 (teacher), and somebody is referred to as 선생님 if you learned one thing from that person and though somebody isn't your teacher, you will prefer to decision him/her 선생님 if you respect them, and do not have the other specific {to name|to decision} to call them.


However, please let Maine build this clear that it appears that 당신 is a lot of ofttimes utilized in songs and dramas, and 당신 in songs don't sound resistance, and offensive the least bit. truly they sound terribly lovable in some songs for a few reason. however in dramas, 당신 will still be resistance and offensive, and then it's a lot of probably utilized in the scenes wherever characters have verbal arguments.


You may conjointly hear 그 쪽 once somebody is self-addressed. 그 쪽 is employed in situ of 당신 (because 당신 is avoided in spoken Korean as explained above). 그 쪽 virtually means that "that facet." 그 쪽 isn't used ofttimes the least bit. It's used between those that share the same position or standing in society, and have simply met and don't seem to be certain a way to address the opposite person.

e.g.

Person A: 점심 드셨어요? (Have you had lunch?)
Person B: 아뇨. 아직이요. 그쪽은요? (No, not yet, what regarding you?)

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Lesson 6 - Time / Place Particle - 에

The Time/Place Particle, 에, is employed for any words associated with time and place.

The 에 particle phrase is sometimes placed at the start of a sentence once a topic.

샘 = Sam
한국 = Korea
가다 = go
준수 = Jun-su
5월 = May
오다 = come

샘은 한국에 갔다 = SAM visited peninsula [Sam, to Korea, went]
준수는 5월에 왔다 = Jun-su came in could [Jun-su, in May, came]


Note: 1월 is Gregorian calendar month, 2월 is February then on.

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You can additionally create long sentences just like the following examples:

샘 은 작년 10월 가을에 한국에 갔다 = SAM visited peninsula last year in Gregorian calendar month throughout the fall season [Sam, last year, in October, in Autumn, to Korea, went]
준수는 2000년도 여름에 호주에 왔다 = Jun-su came to Australia in summer 2000. [Jun-su, in 2000, in summer, to Australia, came]


작년 = last year
10월 = Gregorian calendar month
가을 = fall
2000년도 = within the year 2000
여름 = summer
호주 = Australia

Note: 에 is employed for words each with or while not a final consonant.

학교에 = to highschool
병원에 = to hospital


Please note additionally that once 에 is employed as an area Particle, it's sometimes used with 'go' and 'come' to point an area to that you are going or returning, and 에 functions like 'to' in English. as an example, 공원에 = to a park, 영국에 = to United Kingdom and 공항에 = to the field.

When you wish to mention you probably did one thing at a specific place 'for a precise amount of your time,' 에서 is employed for that location or place. during this case, the perform of 에서 is analogous to "in, at or on" in English. as an example,

공원에서 놀았다 = compete (had fun) at the park [At the park, (we) compete (had fun)]
영국에서 지냈다 = stayed in {britain|United Kingdom|UK|Great United Kingdom|GB|Britain|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|kingdom} [In Britain, (I) stayed]
공항에서 기다렸다 = waited at the field [At the field, (we) waited]


공원 = a park
놀다 = play, have fun
영국 = United Kingdom
지내다 = stay
공항 = field
기다리다 = wait


However, within the case of 'was', you'll use 에 rather than 에서 for a few strange reason I don't apprehend. the subsequent 2 sentences mean precisely the same.

영국에서 있었다 = i used to be in United Kingdom
영국에 있었다 = i used to be in United Kingdom


But within the case of different verbs, 에 isn't allowed.

공원에 놀았다
영국에 지냈다
공항에 기다렸다


Here square measure a number of a lot of examples:

시골에 갔다 = visited a country
친구가 병원에 방문왔다 = a follower of mine came (to visit me) to hospital
집에 있었다 = was home
대학에서 강의를 들었다 = hear a lecture at the university
많은 사람들이 놀이 공원에 왔다 = lots of individuals came to the funfair
아침에 시리얼을 먹었다 = I Ate cereal within the morning [In the morning, I Ate cereal]
오후 a pair of시에 비가 내렸다 = It started descending at 2 o'clock within the afternoon [Lit. The rain fell]


시골 = country
가다 = go
친구 = a follower
병원 = a hospital
방문 = a visit
오다 = come
방문오다 = came to go to
집 = home, house
있다 = be
대학 = school, university
강의 = a lecture
듣다 = listen, hear
많다 = a lot, many
사람 = someone
사람들 = individuals (들 is hooked up to a noun to create it plural)
놀이 공원 = a topic park
아침 = morning
시리얼 = cereal
먹다 = eat
오후 = afternoon, pm
2시 = a pair of o'clock (1시 is one o'clock, seven시 is 7 o'clock then on)
비 = rain
내리다 = sink

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Lessson 5 - Object Particle 를/을

The object particle, 를/을, is hooked up to associate object that verbs describe.

Here ar example sentences:

    나는 라면을 먹었다 = I Ate noodles [Literally, noodles을 ate]
    책을 읽었다 = scan a book
    콜라를 마셨다 = drank coke
    TV를 봤다 = watched TV
    옷을 입었다 = wore garments
    집을 지었다 = engineered a house
    케잌을 만들었다 = created a cake


나 = I
라면 = noodles
먹다 = eat
책 = a book
읽다 = read
콜라 = coke
마시다 = drink
보다 = see, watch
옷 = garments
입다 = wear
집 = house
짓다 = build
케잌 = a cake
만들다 = make


The usage distinction between 를 and 을 is that 를 is employed for nouns while not a final consonant, and 을 for nouns with a final consonant for the pronunciation's sake.

    사진을 찍었다 = took a photograph
    나무를 심었다 = planted a tree
    빵을 샀다 = bought some bread
    차를 팔았다 = sold  a automobile
    강을 건넜다 = crossed a stream
    다리를 지났다 = passed a bridge
    숙제를 했다 = did schoolwork


사진 = a photograph
찍다 = take (a photo)
나무 = a tree
심다 = plant (verb)
빵 = bread
사다 = buy
차 = a car
팔다 = sell
강 = a stream
건너다 = cross (verb, motion)
다리 = bridge
지나다 = pass (verb, motion)
숙제 = schoolwork
하다 = do

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Lesson 4 - Additive Particle - 도

The additive particle, 도, is comparable to subject particles 는/은 and 가/이 in this it's used for a subject matter (or topic). However, 도 adds the which means of 'too' or 'also' to a subject matter.

Here square measure example sentences:

    나도 학생이다 = i'm a student, too
    그도 친절하다 = he's kind, too

    이것도 연필이다 = this is often a pencil, too
    하늘도 높다 = The sky is high, too

    그녀도 공부한다 = She studies, too
    존도 갔다 = John went, too
    영수도 먹었다 = Young-su Greek deity, too


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As an additional clarification, please have a glance at the subsequent example:

    다윗은 왕이었다 = David was a king
    솔로몬도 왕이었다 = king was a king, too


도 perpetually refers to the topic. for instance, 솔로몬도 왕이었다 describes king in terms of the very fact that he was a king, too. Not solely was David a king however king was additionally a king.

다윗 = David
왕 = a king
솔로몬 = king

Here is another example,

    제니는 나갔어 = Jenny went outside
    유리도 나갔어 = Yuri went outside, too

제니 = Jenny
나가다 = go outside, leave
유리 = Yuri

As you'll be able to see, 도 is employed once one needs name identical quality or description a few completely different subject.

When we need to speak regarding additive qualities and/or descriptions regarding identical subject, 또한 is used.

For example,

    다윗은 양치기였다 = David was a shepherd.
    다윗은 또한 왕이었다 = David was additionally a king.


The two sentences on top of each describe an explicit factor regarding identical subject, 다윗, and 또한 refers to the remainder of the sentence instead of the topic. 또한 왕이었다 describes a proven fact that David "was additionally a king." so David was each a shepherd and king.

또한 is employed to offer associate additive quality or description regarding identical subject.

Here is another example,

    제니는 대학생이다 = Jenny could be a school (university) student
    제니는 또한 음악 선생님이다 = Jenny is additionally a instructor


Jenny is each a university student and instructor.

Note: In spoken Korean, 또 is typically used rather than 또한.

    제니는 대학생이야 = Jenny could be a school (university) student
    제니는 또 음악 선생님이야 = Jenny is additionally a instructor

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Lesson 3 - Identifier Particles - 이 / 가

가/이 is employed equally as 는/은 therein they indicate a theme however 가/이 is employed once it's necessary to spot the person or issue that's talked regarding in an exceedingly sentence.
For example,
나는 샀다 = I bought
내가 샀다 = I bought

Note: 나 is modified to 내 once it's used before 가.
Both of those 2 sentences mean "I bought" however 내가 샀다 puts a lot of stress on the topic of the sentence, "I".In the sentence, 내가 샀다, it's a lot of involved regarding 'who' bought instead of 'what' I did.
On the opposite hand, 나는 샀다, is a lot of involved regarding 'what' I did.
내가 샀다 = I bought [It wasn't anyone else however I WHO bought]
나는 샀다 = I bought [I bought instead of doing one thing else]

It is almost like the method in English wherever an individual stresses a precise word to grant it a lot of stress or importance.
For example,
WHO bought a brand new t-shirt?
내가 샀어 = I bought it.

Note: it's incorrect to mention, 나는 샀어, as a result of the person is asking regarding WHO bought a brand new T-shirt instead of asking regarding what they did.
What did you are doing within the park?
나는 잤어 = I slept (I took a nap)

Note: The person is also asking to many folks regarding what they did within the park. One person would possibly say they took a stroll whereas another person could have had lunch there. however as on behalf of me, what I did was 'sleeping'.
Therefore,
나는 잤어 = I slept

It is wrong to mention 내가 잤어 during this case as a result of the person isn't asking regarding WHO slept however what they did within the park. If the person asked Maine, 'Who slept within the park?', i might answer, 내가 잤어 or 마크가 잤어 (Mark slept).
The symbol particle, 가/이, identifies the topic of a sentence. 가/이 {is concerned|cares|thinks regarding|worries|is bothered} about WHO did the items asked.
Like the 는/은 example on top of, 가 is employed for words while not a final consonant and 이 for words with a final consonant.
Here ar example sentences:
내가 마셨다 = I drank (It wasn't anyone else however me)
동생이 먹었다 = Younger brother/sister Greek deity (It wasn't some other person however them)
민지가 왔다 = Min-ji came (It wasn't another person however Min-ji)
안토니가 갔다 = Anthony went (It wasn't another person however Anthony)
저것이 한강이야 = that's the Han dynasty watercourse
빌딩이 높다 = The building is high
공원이 넓다 = The park is large/spacious

마시다 = drink
동생 = younger brother/sister
먹다 = eat
민지 = Min-ji (a feminine name)
오다 = come
안토니 = Anthony
가다 = go
저것 = that
한강 = the Han dynasty watercourse (in Seoul)
빌딩 = a building
높다 = high
공원 = a park
넓다 = spacious, large

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Lesson 2 - Topic Particle - 는 / 은

Particles usually are useful words that will do not need almost any which means with on their own. These are similar to helpers with likely attached with the finish connected with nouns to indicate exactly what that will noun will be and also how the idea operates in a very time period.

This particular particles portion will be partioned in numerous areas.

These are generally:

는/은 -- Subject matter particle ┐ Theme particles
가/이 -- Identifier particle ┘

도 -- Chemical particle
를/을 -- Object particle
에 -- Time/place particle


Take note: 는/은 and also 가/이 usually are 'Subject particles.'  The actual answers are given from the 'Subject Particles' portion.

For instance,

나는 학생이다 = My business is a student.

는, the subject particle, will be attached with the finish connected with 나, which suggests the actual pronoun "I", to demonstrate the theme is approximately "I" or even individual will be "I".

This is yet another case in point,

나도 학생이다 = My business is also a student.

In this time period, 도, the actual item particle, will be attached with 나 to demonstrate that will and a man or woman or even those people who are learners, "I", way too, 'm students.

Right now, allow us to move through every one of these particles. 는/은 [Topic Particle]

The first particle, we'll learn, will be 는/은, the subject particle. 는/은 is needed for the subject matter or even theme of your time period. 는 is needed for nouns and not using a closing consonant, and also 은 for nouns that has a closing consonant.

Let me describe,

나는 = My business is
사람은 = person is

나 involves ㄴ+ㅏ

ㄴ = in (a first consonant)
ㅏ = a (a vowel)

As possible notice, 나 is a term and not using a closing consonant, consequently 는 will be attached with the idea.

Conversely, 사람 which suggests 'a person' has 람 like a closing identity, and also 람 involves ㄹ+ㅏ+ㅁ

ㄹ = r, l (an first consonant)
ㅏ = a (a vowel)
ㅁ = m (a closing consonant)

사람 is a term that has a closing consonant. As a result, 은 will be attached with the idea.

The true reason for both of these different types of the subject particle, 는/은, will be that will for words that has a closing consonant, it can be simpler to enunciate these with 은 somewhat 는.
Review both of these pronunciations,

사람는 = sa-ram-nun
사람은 = sa-ram-un → sa-ra-mun [사라믄]


As possible notice, 사람는 will be more rigid and also awkward for you to enunciate, whilst 사람은 will be more fluid and also easy to enunciate. 사람은 is really evident 사라믄. The last consonant connected with 람, that is ㅁ, will be utilized in 은 for making the idea audio 믄.

(사람은 appears a tad similar to "Sarah Moon" whilst 사람는 may well sound like "Saram Noon". )
Tune in to the actual pronunciations for her from the Yahoo Convert.

Listed below are case in point essay sentences employing 는/은, the subject particle.

나는 학생이다 = My business is a student.
그는 친절하다 = He's sort

이것은 연필이다 = It is a pad.
하늘은 높다 = The actual atmosphere will be large.

그녀는 공부한다 = Girl studies.
존은 갔다 = John went.
영수는 먹었다 = Young-su ate.

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Lesson 1 - Sentence Order

Sentence Order

In regards to the order of a sentence, there are four basic sorts in Korean. These are:

    S + N
    S + V
    S + A
    S + O + V


* S = subject, N = noun, A = adjective, O = object and V = verb.

The tense of a sentence is decided by the last a part of a sentence, namely, by a noun, verb or adjective.

In Korean, adjectives perform like verbs in this they'll be regenerate to completely different forms to work out the tense of a sentence.

For example,

    In English, the past of "go" is "went."
    In Korean, the past of "가다" (gada, go) is "갔다" (gatta, went).

The verbs perform within the same means in English and Korean.

However, within the case of adjectives, the past of "good" in English isn't "gooded" however it's written, "was good."
Contrary to the current, in Korean, "좋다" (jota, good) features a past kind of "좋았다" (joatta, was good).


Compare:

    In English, "good" (present) → "was good" (past)
    In Korean, "좋다" (present) → "좋았다" (past)


Therefore, the adjectives in Korean perform like verbs in this they'll be regenerate to a past or future, or the other tense forms.

This conversion of a verb(or adjective) to its past, future, gift continuous or past tense forms is termed a verb (or adjective) "conjugation."

Before continuing to the reason section below, i like to recommend that you just browse the "particles" aboard this post.


To understand Korean descriptive linguistics, it's crucial that you just become conversant in the thought of a definite a part of speech referred to as, "particles."

Particles ar perform words that indicate what the topic or object is during a sentence.

For example,

    는/은 could be a topic particle
    가/이 could be a symbol particle
    를/을 is Associate in Nursing object particle

For additional data and clarification on particles, please discuss with (Particles - 는, 도, 를, 가, 에).


Now, let's have a glance at the four main sorts of Korean sentences.

Note: S = Subject, N = Noun, V = Verb, A = Adjective, O = Object

1. S + N

    나는 학생이다 = i'm a student
    리사는 선생님이다 = Lisa could be a teacher
    앤드류는 의사였다 = Saint Andrew was a doctor
    저는 중학생이에요 = i'm a secondary school student [polite spoken form]


For additional explanations on the S + N pattern, please browse Nouns - gift, Past.

나 = I
학생 = student
리사 = Lisa
선생님 = teacher
앤드류 = Saint Andrew
의사 = doctor
저 = I (polite)
중학생 = a secondary school student


2. S + V

    주영은 달린다 = Ju-young runs [written form]
    주영은 달려요 = Ju-young runs [polite spoken form]
    주영은 힘차게 달린다 = Ju-young smartly runs


*An adverb comes before a verb.

주영 = Ju-Young (a Korean male name)
달리다 = run
달려 = run [spoken form]
달려요 = run [polite spoken form]
힘차게 = smartly

For additional data and explanations on verbs, please browse Verbs - gift, Past and Verbs - Polite [Present, Past].


3. S + A

    그는 크다 = he's massive
    그녀는 작다 = She is tiny
    앤은 예쁘다 = Anne is pretty [written form]
    앤은 정말 예뻐요 =  Anne is actually pretty [polite spoken form]
    산이 아름답다 = The mountain is gorgeous
    날씨가 정말 좋다 = The weather is incredibly sensible


그 = he
크다 = big
그녀 = she
작다 = small
앤 = Anne
정말 = extremely, very
예쁘다 = pretty
산 = mountain
아름답다 = lovely
날씨 = weather
좋다 = good

For additional data and explanations on adjectives, please browse, Adjectives - gift, Past, Adjectives - Polite [Present, Past] and Adjectives - Connective.


4. S + O + V

    나는 사과를 먹었다 = I Greek deity Associate in Nursing apple.
    지성은 물을 마신다 = Ji-sung drinks water.
    새들이 노래를 부른다 = The birds ar singing songs.
    안나는 대학을 다닌다 = Pakistani monetary unit attends faculty (university) [written form]
    안나는 대학을 다녀요 = Pakistani monetary unit attends faculty (university) [spoken form]
    영희는 어제 정원에 꽃을 심었다 = Young-hee planted a flower within the garden yesterday.


*Notice that the time(어젯밤) and place(정원에) ar inserted between S and O.

나 = I
사과 = apple
먹었다 = ate
물 = water
마시다 = drink
새  = a bird
새들 = birds
노래 = song
부르다 = sing
다니다 = attend [written form]
다녀요 = attend [polite spoken form]
어제 = yesterday
정원 = garden
꽃 = flower
심다 = plant (verb)


In addition, not like English, it's quite common to go away out the topic during a sentence in Korean. once the topic is thought by the readers or speakers, it's typically missed. Therefore, reckoning on a scenario or context, it's okay to write or speak while not starting the sentence with a topic.

A subject might not be employed in a sentence if it's renowned UN agency or what the topic is. So, the sentences below also are correct and it's common in spoken Korean (conversations).

    학생이다 = (am/is) a student
    선생님이다 = (am/is) a tutor
    의사였다 = was a doctor
    중학생이에요 = (am/is) a secondary school student


    달린다 = runs
    힘차게 달렸다 = smartly ran


    크다 = (am/is/are) massive
    작다 = (am/is/are) tiny
    정말 좋아 = (am/is/are) specific [spoken form]


    사과를 먹었다 = Greek deity Associate in Nursing apple
    물을 마셨어 = drank water  [spoken form]
    노래를 불렀어 = herb songs [spoken form]
    어제 꽃을 심었어요 = planted a flower yesterday [polite spoken form]

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